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From W. E. Darwin   1 May [1863]

Summary

Discusses dimorphism in linum and primula. Describes death of Mrs. Ashworth.

Author:  William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 May [1863]
Classmark:  Cornford Family Papers (DAR 275: 15)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4135F

Matches: 7 hits

  • … Discusses dimorphism in linum and primula. Describes death of Mrs. Ashworth. …
  • … discovering that dimorphic flowers in Primula and Linum were an adaptation for reciprocal …
  • … papers 2: 45–63. ] ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …
  • … May 1 My Dear Father I have read your Linum paper and was very much interested in it, it …
  • … by the reference to CD’s paper on ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ (see n. 2, below). …
  • … CD’s paper ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ had been published on 13 May 1863; he had sent …

From Thomas Meehan   28 April [1878]

Summary

Sends CD Dr Wood’s lecture on insectivorous plants.

Had no intention of antagonising CD with his observations on Linum; was anxious to account for its apparently different behaviour.

Author:  Thomas Meehan
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  28 Apr [1878]
Classmark:  DAR 171: 111
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10944

Matches: 9 hits

  • … antagonising CD with his observations on Linum ; was anxious to account for its apparently …
  • … expressed the opinion that the Colorado Linum was, at least functionally, a distinct …
  • … Now we know positively that, so far from Linum perenne being fertilised by its own pollen …
  • … inorganic dust’ ( Forms of flowers , p. 98). Linum perenne is blue flax. Some taxonomists …
  • … including Colorado, referring to it as Linum lewisii ; others considered it to be a …
  • … variety of L. perenne . Linum sibiricum is a synonym of L. perenne . …
  • … Asa Gray mentioning Meehan’s remarks on Linum perenne , and after consulting Joseph Dalton …
  • … I incidentally referred to your experience with Linum perenne , to illustrate my point. I …
  • … English experiments utterly denies that Linum perennne can fertilize itself by its own …

From Isaac Anderson-Henry   16 May 1863

Summary

Sends sprig of Linum luteum corymbiflorum [?]. CD is right about its being dimorphic.

Will try some odd strawberry crosses this summer.

Author:  Isaac Anderson; Isaac Anderson Henry
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  16 May 1863
Classmark:  DAR 110: 24
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4168

Matches: 8 hits

  • … Sends sprig of Linum luteum corymbiflorum [? ]. CD is right about its being dimorphic. …
  • … reply to your welcome note that the Sprig of Linum with bloom enclosed, is of all others I …
  • … Books. 1984. ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on their …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …
  • … Henry has not been found. CD classified Linum corymbiferum as heterostyled in Forms of …
  • … offered to make crossing experiments with Linum in his letter to CD of 17 January 1863 . …
  • … throw further light on the fertility of dimorphic species of Linum , and he sent a copy …
  • … of ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ in April 1863 to assist him (see letters from Isaac …

To Thomas Meehan   13 May 1878

Summary

Criticises article by TM. "Such a manner of treating the work of other observers did not appear to me the way to encourage truth."

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Meehan
Date:  13 May 1878
Classmark:  DAR 146: 356
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11507

Matches: 8 hits

  • … 1878b . Meehan had raised a single plant of Linum that he brought from Colorado; in his …
  • … Bibliography Alefeld, Friedrich. 1863. Ueber Linum. Botanische Zeitung , 18 September …
  • … 1864. Experimente über den Dimorphismus von Linum perenne und Primula sinensis. Botanische …
  • … Zeitung 22: 1–5. ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on …
  • … 3). CD’s observations on self-sterility in Linum perenne (blue flax) had been confirmed by …
  • … Hildebrand (see ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ , p. 81, Hildebrand 1864 , p. 2, and …
  • … noted that North and South American species of Linum had monomorphic flowers with capitate …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …

To Isaac Anderson-Henry   20 January [1863]

Summary

Discusses hybrid strawberry–raspberry

and his research on Primula and Linum.

Suggests breeding experiments.

Doubtful about Donald Beaton’s statement about Pelargonium.

Mentions experiments on peloric flowers.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Isaac Anderson; Isaac Anderson Henry
Date:  20 Jan [1863]
Classmark:  DAR 145: 1
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3929

Matches: 12 hits

  • … raspberry and his research on Primula and Linum . Suggests breeding experiments. Doubtful …
  • … John Murray. 1903. ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …
  • … will see in my paper that some species of Linum are not dimorphic, and are self-fertile; …
  • … others unknown to me. — To recur to Linum ; if you cross distinct species, it would, I …
  • … Scott 1864a ). ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ was read before the Linnean Society on 5  …
  • … list for ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ (see Correspondence vol.  11, Appendix …
  • … IV). ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ , p.  82 ( Collected …
  • … papers 2: 104). Linum grandiflorum is the name CD used for this …
  • … plant both in ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ and in Forms of flowers. Donald Beaton was …
  • … CD discussed the crossing of dimorphic Linum species in Forms of flowers , pp.  81–101. …
  • … I have time. I have sent a paper on Linum to the Linnæan Society; when it is published I …

To Daniel Oliver   13 October [1862]

Summary

Requests Linum, for dimorphism study.

Reviewer of Orchids [Nat. Hist. Rev. n.s. 2 (1862): 371–6]is correct about the organisation of the book; he wonders who the reviewer is.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Daniel Oliver
Date:  13 Oct [1862]
Classmark:  DAR 261.10: 37 (EH 88206020), 261.10: 66 (EH 88206049)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3758

Matches: 11 hits

  • … Requests Linum , for dimorphism study. Reviewer of Orchids [ Nat. Hist. Rev. n.s. 2 ( …
  • … the heading ‘ Shrewsbury ’, which states ‘Linum flavum *put in spirits [ interl ] which …
  • … 2: 106–31. ] ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on their …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …
  • … me flowers, that I might beg plants of this Linum, if you had the other form, & refrained …
  • … discovered in 1861 that certain species of Linum were dimorphic, CD carried out crossing …
  • … are given in ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ , which was read before the Linnean Society …
  • … 6, 8, and 11, below), in which CD referred to his research on Linum . CD described L.   …
  • … flavum in ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ , p.  81 ( Collected papers 2: 104), noting: ‘I …
  • … see Marginalia 1: 488–95). In ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ , p.  82 ( Collected papers …
  • … 104), CD noted that not all species of Linum were dimorphic, and described his experiments …

From George Henslow   22 November 1869

Summary

Observations on fertilisation of Lapageria rosea by E. G. Henderson, florist of St John’s Wood.

Author:  George Henslow
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  22 Nov 1869
Classmark:  DAR 166: 170
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7004

Matches: 7 hits

  • … would seem to be another case analogous to Linum Grandifolium Passiflora sp. & other well …
  • … March] 1864 ( Correspondence vol.  12). CD described self-sterility in Linum in ‘Two forms …
  • … in species of Linum ’ . For self-sterility in Passiflora , see Scott 1864 , Munro 1868 , …
  • … and Correspondence vols.  10 and 11. Linum grandifolium is …
  • … an error for Linum grandiflorum. …
  • … 1802– 1967. ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on their …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …

From John Hutton Balfour   22 April 1863

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Summary

Thanks for paper on Linum [Collected papers 2: 93–105].

One of his gardeners [John Scott] is also studying such fertilisation and appreciates CD’s encouragement; Scott has paper to read for Edinburgh Botanical Society.

Author:  John Hutton Balfour
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  22 Apr 1863
Classmark:  DAR 160: 32
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4119

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Thanks for paper on Linum [ Collected papers 2: 93–105]. One of his gardeners [John Scott] …
  • … My Dear Sir Many thanks for your paper on Linum which is a most valuable contribution to …
  • … of London. 1888. ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …
  • … Two forms in species of Linum ’ was read before the Linnean Society on 5 February and …
  • … list for ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ ( Correspondence vol.  11, Appendix IV). The …

From G. H. K. Thwaites   8 June 1863

Summary

Dimorphism in Linum.

Situation in some of the lower Algae is analogous to that in phaenogams. In some, conjugation occurs between separate filaments, in others between cells of same filament.

Forwards a letter from S. O. Glenie enclosing specimens of Cassia fistula which show the two forms of the anthers.

Author:  George Henry Kendrick Thwaites
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  8 June 1863
Classmark:  DAR 178: 121–2
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4208

Matches: 8 hits

  • … Dimorphism in Linum . Situation in some of the lower Algae is analogous to that in …
  • … list for ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ (see Correspondence vol.  11, Appendix IV). …
  • … In ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ , p.  75 ( Collected papers 2: 98), CD stated: Taking …
  • … your little brochure on dimorphism in Linum . It seems to me that there is a great analogy …
  • … to say that the pollen of the long-styled Linum grandiflorum (and conversely of the other …
  • … Dulau & Co. ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on their …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …
  • … the second paragraph of p.  75 respecting Linum grandiflorum , is one of polarity rather …

To Asa Gray   17 February [1878]

Summary

Heterostyly in Linum perenne. Believes the American form may be a distinct species.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  17 Feb [1878]
Classmark:  Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (129)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11364

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Heterostyly in Linum perenne . Believes the American form may be a distinct species. …
  • … of Science stated that Meehan had mistaken Linum lewisii for L. perenne ( A. Gray 1878b , …
  • … a fortnight as a sanatarium) & I told him about Linum perenne & he was interested & looked …
  • … 12 February 1878. CD had written to Gray about Linum perenne (blue flax) in his letter of …

To Asa Gray   2 January [1863]

Summary

Thanks AG for Cypripedium and Mitchella.

Plans to investigate pollination of Cypripedium.

Has finished Linum paper [Collected papers 2: 93–105].

Would welcome facts on "bud-variations".

Hears that Cinchona is dimorphic.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  2 Jan [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (56)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3897

Matches: 10 hits

  • … pollination of Cypripedium . Has finished Linum paper [ Collected papers 2: 93–105]. Would …
  • … Vols. 10,11] ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on their …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …
  • … paper for Linn. Soc.  on dimorphism of Linum,—much better case than Primula: I see …
  • … to try the pollen. — I will send my Linum paper whenever published. — I was heartily glad …
  • … 31. CD’s paper, ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ , was read before the Linnean Society of …
  • … described the different forms of flowers in Linum lewisii , a flax from western North …
  • … observations in ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ , pp.  82–3 ( Collected papers 2: 104–5). …
  • … 50. Although CD did not acquire seed of Linum lewisii , John Scott , who was head of the …
  • … by the bark ( EB ). ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ was published in the Journal of the …

From John Scott   [after 12] April [1863]

Summary

Thanks for CD’s Linum paper [Collected papers 2: 93–105].

Has not published much because he would be ignored as a gardener; hence he is looking for a foreign appointment.

Has prepared orchid sterility paper at CD’s suggestion [Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 7 (1863): 543–50].

Author:  John Scott
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [after 12] Apr [1863]
Classmark:  DAR 177: 87
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4087

Matches: 7 hits

  • … Thanks for CD’s Linum paper [ Collected papers 2: 93–105]. Has not published much because …
  • … John Murray. 1877. ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …
  • … May [1863] . ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ . Scott’s name appeared on CD’s presentation …
  • … Garden April Sir, I duly received your Linum paper for which I am greatly obliged. I have …
  • … Society. I am glad that I have seen your Linum paper before reading it: as I have stated …
  • … I observe have made similar observations on Linum perenne & Lythrum Salicaria , which I …

Alefeld, Friedrich. 1863. Ueber Linum. Botanische Zeitung, 18 September 1863, pp. 281–2.

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Alefeld, Friedrich. 1863. Ueber Linum. Botanische Zeitung , 18 September 1863, pp. 281–2. …

‘Two forms in species of Linum’: On the existence of two forms, and on their reciprocal sexual relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February 1863.] Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Botany) 7 (1864): 69–83. [Collected papers 2: 93–105.]

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on their …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …

To J. D. Hooker   [21 December 1862]

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Summary

Thanks for Begonia and Oxalis.

Keeps obstinate about crossing and could argue till doomsday, but will not bother JDH.

Sees that JDH has finished Welwitschia.

Thinks Huxley’s Working Men’s Lectures excellent.

Has finished Linum paper [Collected papers 2: 93–105],

and abstract of Bates’s paper for Natural History Review,

and has begun to arrange concluding chapters [for Variation]. Is paralysed on how to begin.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  [21 Dec 1862]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 174
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3871

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Men’s Lectures excellent. Has finished Linum paper [ Collected papers 2: 93–105], and …
  • … his paper, ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ , and to his resumption of work on Variation ( …
  • … papers 2: 87–92. ] ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on …
  • … seems to me, excellent. — I have finished my Linum paper & an abstract of Bates’ paper for …
  • … began his paper ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ on 11 December 1862. ‘Review of Bates on …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …

From Edward Cresy   27 April 1863

Summary

CD’s Linum paper [Collected papers 2: 93–105].

Sending up-to-date railway map of southern region.

Author:  Edward Cresy, Jr
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  27 Apr 1863
Classmark:  DAR 161: 241
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4130

Matches: 5 hits

  • … CD’s Linum paper [ Collected papers 2: 93–105]. Sending up-to-date railway map of southern …
  • … Ioannis Bernerus. ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …
  • … Two forms in species of Linum ’ was read before the Linnean Society on 5 February 1863. …
  • … Many thanks for the copy of your paper on Linum which I should have acknowledged before …

From Friedrich Hildebrand   21 June 1864

Summary

Studying insect pollination in Salvia

and heterostyly in Pulmonaria officinalis which is similar to Linum case.

Author:  Friedrich Hermann Gustav (Friedrich) Hildebrand
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  21 June 1864
Classmark:  DAR 166: 202
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4542

Matches: 7 hits

  • … in Salvia and heterostyly in Pulmonaria officinalis which is similar to Linum case. …
  • … in Primula ’ and ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ . CD’s observations on Pulmonaria …
  • … Zeitung 24: 1–5. ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …
  • … that it resembles the dimorphic species of Linum: I got only seeds when crossing the long …
  • … Orchids , and ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ ( Treviranus 1863a , 1863b, 1863c). …
  • … list for ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ (see Correspondence vol.  11, Appendix IV). On …

From Lydia Ernestine Becker   22 December 1866

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Summary

Thanks CD for previous communications. Asks him to send a paper relating to flowers to be read at first meeting of her ladies’ literary and scientific society.

Author:  Lydia Ernestine Becker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  22 Dec 1866
Classmark:  DAR 160: 113
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5316

Matches: 9 hits

  • … 1867) . See ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ , p.  70 ( Collected papers 2: 94). CD was …
  • … papers 2: 45–63. ] ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …
  • … a copy of ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ , inspiring her to make her own observations ( …
  • … E.  Becker, 31 July [1863] ). Crimson flax, Linum grandiflorum , was one of the species …
  • … discussed in ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ (see pp.  69–75; Collected papers 2: 93–8). …
  • … to the Linnæan Society on two forms in the genus Linum and I had the greatest pleasure in …
  • … a copy of some paper such as that on the Linum which you have communicated to the learned …
  • … through your kindness. In your paper on the Linum you mention your experiments on Primula …

From Roland Trimen   10, 13, and 18 October 1863

Summary

Comments on CD’s paper on Linum [Collected papers 2: 93–105].

Sends specimens of dimorphic and trimorphic Oxalis.

Comments on H. W. Bates’s work [Naturalist on the river Amazons].

Author:  Roland Trimen
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  10, 13 and 18 Oct 1863
Classmark:  DAR 109: B122–3
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4319

Matches: 7 hits

  • … Comments on CD’s paper on Linum [ Collected papers 2: 93–105]. Sends specimens of …
  • … 27 August [1863] . ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ ; for CD’s presentation list for this …
  • … been discussing dimorphism in Oxalis and Linum . See letter from Roland Trimen, 16, 17, …
  • … of August 27 th . , with the paper on Linum , for which I am very thankful. I have read …
  • … 1802–1967. ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on their …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …
  • … To me, the dimorphism presented by Linum and Oxalis seems more difficult to account for …

From Hugh Algernon Weddell   13 May 1863

Summary

Has searched in vain for the Ophrys apifera CD asked for.

Thanks CD for paper on Linum [Collected papers 2: 93–105].

Calls CD’s attention to his observations on Rubiaceae.

Author:  Hugh Algernon Weddell
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  13 May 1863
Classmark:  DAR 110: B60–1
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4161

Matches: 6 hits

  • … CD asked for. Thanks CD for paper on Linum [ Collected papers 2: 93–105]. Calls CD’s …
  • … sincerely | H A Weddell. 1.1 When your … Linum”. 2.1] crossed ink 2.6 Valerianæ ] underl …
  • … now thank you for your paper on “two forms in Linum”. This was quite new to me; but we are …
  • … Weddell refers to ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ ; Weddell’s name is included on CD’s …
  • … 1802–1967. ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On the existence of two forms, and on their …
  • … relation, in several species of the genus Linum. By Charles Darwin. [Read 5 February …
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Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours

Summary

Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … appeared in hermaphroditic species such as Primula , Linum , and Lythrum . ‘I will rank no …